The following stigma-related interventions were conducted at a regional or national level.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of the "90 DAYS" film, an entertainment-education intervention, in improving internalized HIV stigma, disclosure beliefs, and medical adherence intentions among Black women living with HIV in the Southern U.S. The intervention involved a randomized controlled trial where participants were either shown the film or given a standard of care brochure.
The ACTG 5366 study was a randomized, open-label latency-reversal trial that assessed the effects of tamoxifen and vorinostat on viral reactivation in postmenopausal women with HIV. The study aimed to understand women's perceptions and experiences in HIV cure-related research.
The intervention aims to adapt the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for individuals with HIV to improve mental health and HIV treatment engagement by addressing behavioral health comorbidities and HIV-related stigma, using the ADAPT-ITT model for cultural soundness and acceptability.
The intervention, Connect to Protect (C2P), aims to advance structural changes to reduce adolescents' risk of HIV exposure by improving access to health information, condoms, and HIV testing. It involves community coalitions led by adolescent medicine clinical units and technical support staff, with objectives such as eliminating parental consent requirements for HIV testing, increasing access to adolescent-friendly HIV testing, and creating safe zones for at-risk adolescents. The intervention assesses the impact of these changes on health behaviors through annual data collection from adolescents over a 4 to 5 year period.
The Connect-to-Protect (C2P) intervention is a 10-year community mobilization effort aimed at creating structural changes to reduce HIV exposure among at-risk youth. It involves establishing coalitions that select and implement structural change objectives to improve the local risk environment for targeted youth populations. The intervention targets local policies, practices, and resource availability to reduce risk among youth, focusing on populations such as YMSM, injecting drug users, and high-risk young women of color. The evaluation used an observational study design due to the impracticality of a randomized controlled trial.
The Gilead COMPASS Initiative aims to address HIV prevalence and stigma in the Southern United States by partnering with celebrities and engaging with popular culture. The initiative's goals include addressing LGBTQ acceptance and HIV stigma, educating the public about HIV's disproportionate effect on Black communities, combating misinformation, and raising HIV awareness through celebrity engagement. Specific interventions include partnerships with celebrities like Lil Nas X and DaBaby to address stigma and misinformation.
The HealthMpowerment (HMP) intervention is an online, mobile phone-optimized program aimed at reducing condomless anal intercourse and fostering community among young Black GBMSM aged 18-30. It was tested through a randomized controlled trial from 2013 to 2016, involving 474 participants. The intervention included online forums for social interaction and was designed to leverage the anonymity and accessibility of online spaces to amplify resilience.
The study investigates how mediated intergroup contact can reduce prejudice by focusing on perceptions of the storyteller's character. The intervention uses videos from the CDC's Let's Stop HIV Together campaign, where individuals living with HIV share their stories, aiming to reduce bias and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS. The study tested this model with U.S. adults and found it successful in reducing HIV stigma.
The study aimed to investigate changes in perceived stigma among individuals living with HIV who participated in a mental health services program integrated with community-based HIV primary care. The intervention involved a biopsychosocial, client-centered, and culturally responsive care model with active participant involvement, individualized care plans, and services including psychotherapy, psychopharmacological services, and case management support.
The study investigates the effectiveness of a perspective-taking intervention in reducing stigma towards individuals with mental illness and HIV. Participants listen to a narrative about a person with either bipolar disorder or HIV and are instructed to imagine the world from the speaker's perspective. The study uses a 3 × 2 factorial design to assess the intervention's impact on social distance, behavioral intentions, discrimination, and global affect.
The intervention aimed to improve treatment engagement and self-efficacy among African Americans living with HIV and serious mental illness using Community-Based Participatory Research methods. It was peer-led and focused on improving ART adherence, medical appointment attendance, mental health appointment attendance, and immunological data. Significant increases were observed in HIV treatment self-efficacy and mental health appointment attendance.
The aim of the article is to report on the 6-month outcomes of Project ROADMAP, a secondary prevention intervention designed to reduce high-risk sexual behavior in older HIV-positive women. The intervention consists of four weekly psycho-educational group sessions covering HIV education, harm reduction, assertive communication, and condom negotiation. It aims to increase HIV-related knowledge and reduce stigma. The study found that the intervention was effective in reducing high-risk sexual behavior and perceived stigma, and in increasing HIV knowledge among participants.
The study aimed to examine PrEP attitudes and HIV risk factors associated with PrEP motivation. The intervention involved comparing a standard educational video with a mock public health video that addressed stigma and motivation. The experimental video included messages to disconfirm stereotypes and enhance positive attitudes by focusing on safety and reduced anxiety.
The intervention, called Socially Optimized Learning in Virtual Environments (SOLVE), is a downloadable simulation video game designed to reduce shame associated with sexual stigma in young adult men who have sex with men (MSM). The primary goal is to help MSM acknowledge their desires as normal, thereby reducing shame and indirectly reducing unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing SOLVE to a wait-list control (WLC) condition.
The study aimed to assess the efficacy of a stigma reduction intervention for HIV-infected women in the Deep South. The intervention involved a 45-minute video titled "Maybe Someday: Voices of HIV-Positive Women," which was loaded onto iPod Touch devices. Participants were instructed to watch the video weekly for four weeks and record their viewing times over a 12-week period. The video was designed to reduce internalized stigma, enhance self-esteem, and improve coping self-efficacy through narrative transportation. The intervention was delivered via a technologically driven method to ensure privacy and safety for the participants.
The aim of the article is to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of "Still Climbin'," a pilot intervention designed to improve coping with discrimination among HIV-positive Black sexual minority men. The intervention consists of 8 weekly group sessions and a graduation session, using cognitive behavior therapy principles and community stakeholder input to address multiple intersectional identities.
The STEP-AD intervention is a 10-session cognitive behavioral treatment aimed at improving medication adherence for Black women with HIV by addressing trauma symptoms, coping with discrimination, gender empowerment, and resilience. The study assessed the preliminary acceptability and feasibility of this tailored approach.
The study aimed to develop and pilot a culturally-adapted multimedia behavioral intervention, "The Positive Living Program," to address HIV-related stigma and depression among African-immigrant PLWH. The program consists of five modules covering self and social stigma, emotional distress, coping strategies, and disclosure, delivered individually using a tablet-interfaced multimedia format. It resulted in a statistically significant reduction in depressive symptoms and a decrease in HIV-related stigma scores.
The study aimed to assess the acceptability of the Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET) intervention among African American women living with HIV/AIDS and histories of substance abuse and trauma. The TARGET intervention teaches skills for emotion and information processing in an 8-session program. Participants found it favorable due to its brevity and relevance to their needs, emphasizing the importance of addressing stigma, disclosure, and mental health management in an integrated intervention.
The study aimed to examine the relationship between the belief in the "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U = U) concept and various dimensions of HIV stigma among sexual minority men in the US. The intervention involved a survey completed by participants, which included questions about their beliefs and experiences related to HIV stigma. Brief informational messaging about U = U was used to assess its impact on stigma and its association with U = U belief. The study also explored how HIV status affects U = U belief and stigma.
The study evaluated the effect of a virtual patient simulation on nursing students' stigmatizing attitudes towards PLHIV. The intervention involved a simulation where students interacted with a 52-year-old Vietnamese-American man diagnosed with HIV and completed a contact tracing activity, using the HPASS to measure changes in attitudes.
Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?
Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?
Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?
Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?
Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt that the police refused to protect you because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt scared to be in public places because you have sex with men?
Have you ever been verbally harassed and felt it was because you have sex with men?
Has someone ever physically hurt you (pushed, shoved, slapped, hit, kicked, choked or otherwise physically hurt you), and do you believe any of these experiences of physical violence was/were related to the fact that you have sex with men?
Have you ever been forced to have sex when you did not want to (by forced, we mean physically forced or coerced to have sex, or penetrated with an object), and do you believe any of these experiences of sexual violence were related to the fact that you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt excluded from family activities because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt that family members have made discriminatory remarks or gossiped about you because you have sex with men?
Have you ever felt afraid to go to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?
Have you ever avoided going to health care services because you worry someone may treat you poorly because you have sex with men?